Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwinani lezixhobo ze-IoT, unxibelelwano okanye uxhulumaniso phakathi kwezi zixhobo lube yinto ebalulekileyo yokuqwalasela.Unxibelelwano luxhaphake kakhulu kwaye lubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Intanethi yeZinto.Nokuba bubuchwephesha bothumelo obufutshane obungenazingcingo okanye itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano oluphathwayo, ichaphazela uphuhliso lwe-Intanethi yeZinto.Kunxibelelwano, iprotocol yonxibelelwano ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye yimithetho kunye nemigaqo ekufuneka amaqumrhu amabini ayilandele ukugqiba unxibelelwano okanye inkonzo.Eli nqaku lazisa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ze-IoT ezininzi ezikhoyo, ezinomsebenzi ohlukeneyo, izinga ledatha, ukugubungela, amandla kunye nememori, kwaye iprothokholi nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungonakali.Ezinye zezi ndlela zonxibelelwano zifanelekile kuphela kwizixhobo ezincinci zendlu, ngelixa ezinye zingasetyenziselwa iiprojekthi ezinkulu zedolophu ezihlakaniphile.Iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ze-Intanethi yeZinto zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini, enye yiprotocol yokufikelela, kwaye enye yiprotocol yonxibelelwano.Iprotocol yokufikelela ngokubanzi inoxanduva lothungelwano kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezikwi-subnet;Iprothokholi yonxibelelwano yeyona protocol yonxibelelwano lwesixhobo esebenza kwiprotocol ye-Intanethi yeTCP/IP, enoxanduva lotshintshiselwano lwedatha kunye nonxibelelwano lwezixhobo nge-Intanethi.
1. Unxibelelwano olude lweselula
(1) Iiprotokholi ze-2G / 3G / 4G zonxibelelwano zibhekisela kwiiprothokholi zenkqubo yonxibelelwano lweselula yesibini, yesithathu kunye neyesine ngokulandelanayo.
(2)NB-IoT
I-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Narrow Band (i-NB-iot) iye yaba lisebe elibalulekileyo le-Intanethi yento yonke.
Eyakhelwe kwiinethiwekhi zeselula, i-nb-iot idla kuphela malunga ne-180kHz ye-bandwidth kwaye inokuthunyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-GSM, i-UMTS okanye i-LTE inethiwekhi ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthunyelwa kunye nokuphucula kakuhle.
I-Nb-iot igxile kwi-low power wide coverage (LPWA) ye-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) imakethi kwaye bubuchwepheshe obuvelayo obunokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ineempawu zokugubungela ngokubanzi, uqhagamshelo oluninzi, isantya esikhawulezayo, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye noyilo olugqwesileyo.
Iimeko zesicelo: Inethiwekhi ye-nB-iot izisa iimeko ezibandakanya indawo yokupaka ekrelekrele, ukulwa nomlilo okukrelekrele, amanzi akrelekrele, izibane zesitalato ezikrelekrele, iibhayisekile ekwabelwana ngazo kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele zasekhaya, njl.
(3)5G
Itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lweselula yesizukulwana sesihlanu sisizukulwana samva nje setekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lweselula.
Iinjongo zokusebenza ze-5G zingamazinga aphezulu edatha, i-latency encitshisiweyo, ukugcinwa kwamandla, iindleko eziphantsi, ukunyuswa kwamandla enkqubo kunye nokuxhunywa kwesixhobo esikhulu.
Iimeko zesicelo: i-AR / VR, i-Intanethi yezithuthi, ukuveliswa kwengqondo, amandla ahlakaniphile, unyango olungenazintambo, ukuzonwabisa kwasekhaya okungenazintambo, i-UAV exhunyiwe, i-ULTRA HIGH definition / i-panoramic live broadcasting, uncedo lwe-AI yomntu, isixeko esihlakaniphile.
2. Umgama omde non-cellular unxibelelwano
(1) WiFi
Ngenxa yokuthandwa ngokukhawuleza kweerotha ze-WiFi zasekhaya kunye neefowuni ezihlakaniphile kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i-WiFi protocol nayo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwintsimi ye-smart home.Inzuzo enkulu ye-WiFi protocol kukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Intanethi.
Xa kuthelekiswa neZigBee, iskim sasekhaya esilumkileyo sisebenzisa iWifi protocol sisusa imfuno yamasango eyongezelelweyo.Xa kuthelekiswa neBluetooth protocol, iphelisa ukuxhomekeka kwiitheminali eziphathwayo ezifana neeselfowuni.
Ukugqunywa kwe-WiFi yorhwebo kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke zasezidolophini, kudederhu lweevenkile kunye nezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kuya kutyhila usetyenziso olunokubakho lweemeko ze-WiFi yorhwebo.
(2)ZigBee
I-ZigBee yiprotocol yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, isantya esiphantsi kunye nomgama omfutshane, iyinethiwekhi yothumelo lwedatha engenazingcingo, iimpawu eziphambili zisantya esiphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukuxhasa inani elikhulu leendawo zenethiwekhi, ukuxhasa i-topology eyahlukeneyo yenethiwekhi. , ubunzima obuphantsi, ngokukhawuleza, okuthembekileyo kunye nokukhuselekileyo.
Itekhnoloji yeZigBee luhlobo olutsha lwetekhnoloji, evele kutshanje.Ixhomekeke ikakhulu kuthungelwano olungenazingcingo ukuze lusasazeke.Iyakwazi ukwenza uqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo kuluhlu olusondeleyo kwaye yeyeteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi engenazingcingo.
Izibonelelo zendalo zetekhnoloji yeZigBee ziyenza ngokuthe ngcembe ibe bubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo kwi-Intanethi yeZinto kwishishini kwaye ifumane izicelo ezinkulu kushishino, kwezolimo, kwikhaya elilumkileyo kunye namanye amacandelo.
(3)LoRa
I-LoRa (i-LongRange, i-LongRange) bubuchwephesha bokumodareyitha obubonelela ngomgama omde wonxibelelwano kunobugcisa obufanayo.Isango le-LoRa, isivamvo somsi, ukujongwa kwamanzi, ukubonwa kwe-infrared, ukubeka, ukufakwa kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-Iot ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Umehluko wexesha lokufika kwe-geolocation.Iimeko zesicelo sokumiswa kwe-LoRa: uhlolo lwesixeko esilumkileyo kunye ne-traffic, ukulinganisa ngemitha kunye nolungiselelo, ukubeka iliso kwindawo yezolimo.
3. NFC(kufuphi nonxibelelwano lwebala)
(1)RFID
I-Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) imfutshane kwiRadio Frequency Identification.Umgaqo wayo lunxibelelwano lwedatha olungaqhagamshelwanga phakathi komfundi kunye nethegi ukufezekisa injongo yokuchonga ithagethi.Usetyenziso lweRFID lubanzi kakhulu, usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo yichip yezilwanyana, Isixhobo se-alamu ye-chip chip yemoto, ulawulo lokufikelela, ulawulo lokupaka, i-automation line line, ulawulo lwezinto eziphathekayo.Inkqubo ye-RFID epheleleyo iquka i-Reader, iTag ye-elektroniki kunye nenkqubo yokulawula idatha.
(2)NFC
Igama elipheleleyo lesiTshayina le-NFC yiTekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano lweNdawo ekufutshane.I-NFC iphuhliswe ngesiseko setekhnoloji ye-non-contact radio frequency identification (RFID) kwaye idityaniswe neteknoloji yoqhagamshelwano olungenazingcingo.Ibonelela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nekhawulezayo yonxibelelwano kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zombane eziye zidume ngakumbi kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla."Intsimi ekufutshane" kwigama lesiTshayina le-NFC libhekiselele kumaza erediyo kufutshane nentsimi ye-electromagnetic.
Iimeko zesicelo: Isetyenziswe kulawulo lofikelelo, ukubakho, iindwendwe, ukungena kwinkomfa, ukujikeleza kunye neminye imimandla.I-NFC inemisebenzi efana nentsebenziswano yabantu nekhompyuter kunye nokunxibelelana komatshini ukuya kumatshini.
(3)Bluetooth
Itekhnoloji yeBluetooth luphawu lwehlabathi oluvulekileyo lwedatha engenazingcingo kunye nonxibelelwano lwelizwi.Luqhagamshelo olukhethekileyo lobuchwephesha obungenangcingo boluhlu olukhethekileyo olusekwe kuqhagamshelo oluphantsi lweendleko ezimfutshane kuluhlu olungenazingcingo ukuseka ubume bonxibelelwano lwezixhobo ezisisigxina nezihambayo.
IBluetooth inokutshintshana ngolwazi ngaphandle kwamacingo phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi ezibandakanya iiselfowuni, iiPDA, ii-headsets ezingenazingcingo, iikhompyutha zamanqaku, kunye neeperipherals ezinxulumeneyo.Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-"Bluetooth" inokwenza lula unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ze-terminal zonxibelelwano oluphathwayo, kwaye lulula ngempumelelo unxibelelwano phakathi kwesixhobo kunye ne-Intanethi, ukuze ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kube ngokukhawuleza kwaye kusebenze ngakumbi, kwaye kwandise indlela yokunxibelelana ngaphandle kwamacingo.
4. Unxibelelwano ngeentambo
(1)USB
USB, isishunqulelo IsiNgesi Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus), ngumgangatho ibhasi yangaphandle esetyenziselwa ukulawula uqhagamshelwano kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi iikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle.Yitekhnoloji yojongano olusetyenziswa kwintsimi yePC.
(2)Iprotocol yonxibelelwano lweSerial
I-protocol yonxibelelwano ye-serial ibhekiselele kwiinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ezichaza umxholo wepakethi yedatha, ebandakanya isiqalo, idatha yomzimba, i-check bit kunye ne-stop bit.Omabini amaqela kufuneka avumelane ngefomathi yepakethi yedatha engaguqukiyo ukuthumela nokufumana idatha.Kunxibelelwano lwe-serial, iiprothokholi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-RS-232, i-RS-422 kunye ne-RS-485.
Unxibelelwano lothotho lubhekisa kwindlela yonxibelelwano apho idatha ihanjiswa kancinci kancinci phakathi kweeperipherals kunye neekhompyuter.Le ndlela yokunxibelelana isebenzisa imigca yedatha encinci, enokugcina iindleko zonxibelelwano kunxibelelwano olude, kodwa isantya sokuhambisa siphantsi kunokuhanjiswa okufanayo.Uninzi lweekhompyuter (ezingabandakanyi iincwadi zamanqaku) ziqulathe amazibuko amabini e-RS-232.Unxibelelwano olulandelelanayo lukwayindlela yonxibelelwano esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizixhobo kunye nezixhobo.
(3)I-Ethernet
I-Ethernet iteknoloji ye-LAN yekhompyutha.Umgangatho we-IEEE 802.3 ngumgangatho wezobugcisa we-Ethernet, oquka umxholo woxhumo lomzimba, isignali ye-elektroniki kunye ne-media access layer protocol ??
(4)MBus
Inkqubo yokufunda yemitha ekude ye-MBus (i-symphonic mbus) ngumgangatho waseYurophu we-2-wire ibhasi ezimbini, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kusetyenziso lwezixhobo zokulinganisa ezifana nemitha yobushushu kunye nothotho lwemitha yamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-07-2021
